Which of Hitler's key Mistakes Had the Greatest Effect on His Defeat Research Paper

Which of Hitler's key Mistakes Had the Greatest Effect on His Defeat in World War II - Research Paper Example Most of the reasons discussed are researched from books and publications that put their focus on the matters surrounding the Second World War, especially those that pay keen attention to the fatal decisions made by Hitler leading to his defeat. The fact that Germany through their leader Hitler lost the war after having played a significant impact in the First World War makes the discussion of its failures interesting. B-Summary of evidence The German Navy’s principal mission at war was to cut the life of Britain’s maritime by means of a blockade. The blockade was arrived at because Britain was an island and the barricade would result in it losing out on metals, fuel, and other elements, which were imported by the merchant ships. It was expected Britain’s forces were to be crippled to the ground by the move and consequently they were to be hit by a consistent air bombardment movement that was anticipated would make Britain surrender (Bevin, pg102). This strategy a gainst Britain would indeed work for the Germans, as in the World War I, the submarines owned by the Germans had succeeded in cutting the amount of British owned merchant ships which were sunk. Regardless of this fact, the German Navy constructed for the World War II was the same to the previous one. Germany’s failure to invest in additional submarines, instead choosing to undermine the British maritime strength hampered the success of Hitler’s force (Carolin, pg56). The German submarines were the greatest risk to the British, but were consequently extremely few, and the slow development of other submarines did give Britain ample time to adapt to the risk and survive with massive endeavor and terrible losses. By the time the German naval force had grouped itself better, the challenge posed by the British was enormous as the latter had a wholly developed antisubmarine force which overwhelmed Hitler’s men. Hitler may have won the war, supposing his strategists foc used on constructing numerous submarines instead of the inconsequential battleships. The war could have been won in Hitler’s favor prior to the US and Russia joining in the war. There were numerous cases of murder by the regime, and the fear of severe punishment created fear in the criticism or even yet provides advices that were not favorable, or even to wake up the dictator late in the night whenever an emergency case presented itself. In such establishments, an individual formulates all the significant decisions and too numerous fewer decisions, and it is almost not possible to transform whatever is on the individual mind, such as Hitler prior to or after the individual formulates a foremost mistake. Deciding on Hitler’s failure or mistakes during the war is centered in the context of whatever his focal purpose and intentions were. Hitler’s original short term military aspiration was to overcome the regime of Stalin in the Soviet Union, by means of a highly c oncentrated but short war, and the lasting annexation of the Eastern European region land (Samuel, pg48). That included the Eastern side of Russia of the Urals for the objective of increasing the economic authority preferably by means of agriculture. The aspiration well articulated in the invasion of Poland, was Hitler’s primary propelling objective in the short term. However, Hitler decided on defeating France prior to taking on Stalin and his men. Hitler’s desire was to acquire a free hand to combat in the East. However, that did prove to be Hitler’s mistake. Stalin was at that time detested all throughout the Eastern and Western Europe. Therefore, Hitler would be able to mount warfare with Stalin, the only factor being Poland getting on the way due to its geographical positioning. However, the

Impacts French New Wave Film on Traditional Cinema

Impacts French New Wave Film on Traditional Cinema How and why did the French New Wave upset traditional film grammar? Firstly we must look at the period before French New Wave came about to understand why this movement upset tradition. The French New Wave period reigned from the 1950s to the 1960s and entertained millions of people who watched film at the time. This period is very important as famous directors such as Franà §ois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard emerged. They were the next generation of directors; they had been brought up in a France that had been torn apart after the second World War meaning France was starting to get back on its feet. They had seen the works of directors that had come before this period titling it, cinà ©ma de papa or Dads cinema, and wanted to separate themselves from it. Films prior to the French New Wave period were often dull and had little quality put together in them. Truffaut often wrote in Cahiers du cinà ©ma, a critics magazine on film about the films he had to grow up around. Truffaut displayed an almost obsessive hostility to the post-war French film industry, attacking what he sarcastically labled the French Tradition Of Quality as nothing more than three hundred continuity shots stuck together a hundred and ten times a year. Powrie, P. Marie, M. (2006) p.83 This objectivity towards the cinà ©ma de papa began to grow and new light was being shone on other films that played with different ideas. Directors such as Jean-Pierre Melville started to make films that resembled the French New Wave Movement mixed with other techniques that had been used before. In his film, Bob Le Flambeur, he films it in a film noir style but the film has so many modern aesthetics to it such as its similarities to western gangster genres. This similarity between American film and French was an important reason why the French New Wave Movement upset tradition. We can only imagine what it must have been like to be living in France after the war and have a mass influx of Hollywood cinema that had been imported due to the production of French film being too expensive. Truffaut and Godard had witnessed this through the years and decided to start making films, perhaps influenced from the American films they had seen. Such influences are seen in Les Quatres Cent Coups with the Humphrey Bogart style hat we see Antoine wearing when he steals the type writer, and the same with À bout de souffle with the protagonist dressing like Bogart. Many of the directors and audiences that watched Bob Le Flambeur were amazed at the â€Å"clipped street language, low budget on-location work, moody street scenes and contemporary jazz soundtrack.† (Phillips, R. 2006 ) and this shines through in later works such as À bout de souffle. This was completely going against the previous era of film making in the sense, directors were starting to open up to the outside world and focus on making their own artistic impression. This perhaps can be a reason to why French New Wave upset traditional film grammar. An interesting point to look at is the way in which the generation gap from after the second World War was so concerned about the future of France. In Les Quatres Cent Coups the school master shouts, â€Å"What will France be like in ten years?† (Le s Quotres Cent Coups, 1959) and we can perhaps look at this as being Truffauts own thoughts coming through in the films dialogue. We can also look at the technology that was sweeping across the world at the time. New cameras had started to be produced and this gave people like Godard exactly what they needed to create the sweeping, moving shots we see in À bout de souffle. The American low-budget cinema, on the other hand, tended to be thought of as a commercial and studio-based product, to which Godard pays homage in his dedication of A bout de souffle (1959) to Monogram Pictures. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 This was a new innovation in film making and made shots look realistic in the sense, cameras could be placed in busy crowds and could follow a person with ease. The shot of Michel in À bout de souffle of him walking through the hotel reception is a prime example of this new technique as he follows the camera through a vast open room without any sight of a film crew in the shot. Continuous shots like this excited Godard and also Truffaut, which is perhaps why he favours using the lightweight camera in Les quatres cent coups where Antoine is running down the road near the end of the film. This gave French New Wave films a sense of freedom and the scene where Antoine is running really symbolises this sense of freedom as the shot of just him breaks out into a panoramic view of the sea something he had long desired in the film. Such big camera shots echo the likes of the Italian Neo-Realism film movement where we saw similarities between the way the directors had placed the camera. The war had changed France a lot and cultures within the country started to feel the difference. French New Wave films began to explore particular human traits such as sex, violence and swearing. This may have shocked an audience twenty years prior to the movement, but instead it seemed to add emphasis to the reality of the film and story. In both À bout de souffle and Les quatres cent coup, we see a great number of references to violence and sex. In À bout de souffle, Michel is seen at the beginning shooting a policeman with a pistol he finds in the car he has stolen. Also, the way in which he speaks to Patricia in the film is quite aggressive and we can see Godard asserting masculinity into the character of Michel. His final words to Patricia are also quite offensive and this definitely would have broken the mould from films in previous years, before French New Wave. The sexual references in the films are very much giving light to the realities of modern day culture. In Les quatres cent coup we see Antoine in the police station with prostitutes and also where he is telling of how a foreigner told him he could use a prostitute even though he is very young. The way these references to violence, sex, and swearing are used in the films adds to the audiences reaction and the reality of the story. By showing people what life is like in the darker parts of Paris, French New Wave directors were able to maintain this reality. Location was a big factor in French New Wave films. The opening scenes of Les quatres cent coups are so important when looking at why the movement may have upset tradition. We see this great tracking shot of the Eiffel tower, a iconic feature of Paris and perhaps symbolising France as a whole. The reason why this upsets traditional film grammar is the way Truffaut has shot this scene with the tower in the background and in the foreground a not so nice Paris. Something that hints Italian Neo-Realism, in the way that the director wants to show the audience realistic scenes instead of a artificial studio set. This idea of getting away from the studio is ever present in French New Wave films. Truffaut discovered a new aesthetics of simplicity and sincerity. Indeed, in taking to the street to escape the heavy-handed rule of the studio system, Truffaut unconsciously doubled the rebellious attitudes and actions of his young protagonist, Antoine Doinel. Powrie, P. Marie, M. (2006) p.83 The whole factor of shooting film out in a busy Parisian street gave French New Wave films a lot more depth and created this sense of a modern France. In À bout de souffle the shots of the actors walking down busy streets enforced this sense of realism and added to the story. French New Wave films pioneered the way films were edited. They were really the first to play with jump cuts and this is apparent in À bout de souffle. This may have upset traditional film grammar because of the fast pace it gave films. the rapidity of the editing and the disorientating scale of the shots means thatMichels crime takes place before the spectator and, we might surmise, before he himself has a chance to realise what is happening. Powrie, P. Marie, M. (2006) p.93 This process of having a very disruptive cut between different characters in one scene can give the film a scene a whole new meaning. To an audience at the time this was quite innovative and gave a scene, quite a disturbing feel to it. This is an example of how directors like Godard played with the idea of Mise En Scà ¨ne. It demonstrates how a meaning can be changed by altering different cuts and camera angles even though we are still hearing the same dialogue. Godard and Truffaut were very interested in the way American Film had been made prior to the French New Wave period and in particular the studio system. Due to France being in an economic problem after the War, it meant studio filming could not be accomplished very often. This contributed to some of the fantastic shots used in French New Wave films. The new wave directors, like their Hollywood predecessors, worked individually and creatively within often severe budgetary constraints and the conventions of the studio genre. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 This definitely contributed towards the innovative look of French New Wave films but without funding from the French Government. With the generation gap after the war, France needed new directors to carry on film making and to write scripts. â€Å"They were also greatly helped by the introduction, in 1960, of the avance sur recettes, a system of government loans, granted on the basis of a working script, to enable films to be produced. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 Therefore, we saw a greater amount of scripts and directors willing to create films in France. This contributes towards this upset in traditional film grammar because there is an increased amount of variety from where the films are coming from. There is more of an incentive for innovative films such as the films we see in French New Wave and this certainly is a factor to the movement being successful. To conclude, the French New Wave period marks a great change for Frances film industry. In particular, the directors who contributed to the movement are probably the most influential in the change. Truffaut, a famous film critic turned director believed in auteurism the process in which the directors vision comes across in a film. He liked the idea of the camera being a pen in which he could write out his masterpiece. European art-house directors, such as Renoir or Rossellini, had traditionally been treated as the authors of their films, in much the same way as Balzac or Baudelaire were of the literary texts they signed. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 Both Truffaut and Godard pay tribute to this auteur theory in their works with Godard even using Balzacs work in Les Quatres Cent Coups as an inspiration to Antoine. The idea of these new directors coming into the limelight and putting their own touch into film was a crucial part of understanding why French New Wave broke the mould and ultimately upset traditional film grammar as it had not been done before to this extent.

Essay --

As a mother of a large family on a very limited budget I have questioned the choices I make in purchasing groceries many times. I want my family to have a healthy diet, yet prices tend to be an issue every time I go grocery shopping. I wonder: What is the relationship between incomes and healthy diets? There are many other questions that need to be explored before we can truly answer the question at hand. Some of those questions include: How do we define a healthy diet? Besides budget, what other factors influence purchasing choices? In what ways are certain foods healthier than others? Also, are healthier foods always more expensive and, if so, why are they more expensive? I recently visited the Mount Vernon WIC office. WIC stands for Women, Infants and children, and is a government program that provides supplemental foods, health care referrals, and nutrition education for low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and non-breastfeeding postpartum women, and to infants and children up to age five who are found to be at nutritional risk. I interviewed their nutrition specialist, Carolyn, who provided me with some tasty, affordable food choices that kids like, and that are high in vitamins and nutrients. Some of the ideas she gave me were; instead of peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, give children celery and peanut butter, but cut up the celery and put the peanut butter in a separate container so the child can â€Å"dip† their food. This is a low cost, high protein snack or light lunch that kids will have fun eating; and instead of a cooked vegetable with dinner, cut up some fresh broccoli, carrots and cauliflower (or other fresh vegetables) and serv e them with a low-fat dressing as a dip for an appetizer before dinner. This helps in get... ...s and having fresh vegetables as an appetizer. Low-income families are in fact at a disadvantage when it comes to eating healthy foods, but this is mostly from lack of education and not necessarily because of costs. Can low-income consumers realistically afford to buy all organic foods and get by month to month? The answer to this is probably not, but what they can do is make health conscious choices when shopping. I believe that the relationship between income and healthy diets is whatever we make it. We all have to remember that what might not seem healthy to one person, might be the healthier choice for another. What it all comes down to is that eating healthy starts by just eating healthier, and changing a bad habit takes time and patience. In a perfect world all foods would be equally available to everyone but the world’s not perfect and neither are people.

Value on Human Life

Maybe even in the value of dollars and cents. Every human values life in a slightly different way many may be similar but no one is the same that's why our values are different. Life Is a precious thing and people protect it with all they have. I would probably question why people have to pass away. We come into this world and live than die In a relatively short amount of time. People might question why do we have to die? For example In the Galoshes Epic, Galoshes a man who has recently suffered a friend's death questions why humans have to die.It's a great question and Galoshes goes through a great deal trouble to answer this everlasting question. People can't cope with death. They can't believe that the person they once saw everyday or maybe even just walked by them in a school hall, that they will never see them again. Non-existence from something that was very much alive not to long ago and still in our minds'. For instance Lance Armstrong, a world-class cyclist and a multi Tour De France winner was on top of the world until age 25 when he was diagnosed with testicular cancer.I don't know about you but a athlete is not the first person I picture when I hear the word cancer. Sadly death favors no man, Its preys on whom ever It wants. That's why when the cyclist Lance Armstrong got the terrible news he fought through It and defeated It even though the odds were against him. And he got out of the whole ordeal with a new state of mind. That Is something I respect, a person who starred at the face of death and said, â€Å"no now is not my time†. Lance Armstrong valued his life in the achievements and it's the simple things he valued when near death.Just to ride another bike race was what a dearly wanted. Valuating life as a experience of many glorious things and that I agree on with him. On the other hand, which I don't agree on at all, is Amanda Ripples article † What is life worth? † She describes how a dollar value was put on each of the Se ptember 1 lath victims in the planes and buildings for their family's to get a money relief for their loss. The money relief ranged anywhere from the hundred thousands to millions of dollars. This In retrospect seems like a great idea but It quickly became a horrible idea.It's human nature to want more almost anything so once when the government decided to hand out money to the victim's families' people Immediately wanted more money. Most of these families decided that money could replace a life. Surely money can't but it could help continue or renew ones life when someone looses a significant loss but he rather pursue his life raising his two daughters than pursue a lawsuit. People must go on with life because life doesn't have a dollar value on it it's what you did hear on earth when you were alive that counts not after death.In conclusion and to the words I try to live my life by is that â€Å"everyone dies but not everyone really lives†. We can spend our whole life Just g etting by to find a meaning or a value in life but I believe that life itself should be a precious value, over achievements, fame, and money. Live life to the fullest because you never know when it could end. Society should not but a certain value on a persons life, we are all humans and we are all some what capable of all the same things so life itself should be the main value we have.

What Used to Be a Great Past Time

Summary Response Essay 16 July 2012 What Used to be a Great Pastime Going to the movies has been a great pastime for many people in our society. The experience of going to the movies has changed over the years in America. It seems like the past years rudeness at the movie theaters has increased making the movie theater experience worse for everybody. Rudeness at the movie theaters has changed, now there are people always talking and ruining the movie, and people that bring small children with them to adult movies which can be very distracting with the children’s crying and ruining the movie for everyone else in the theater.In an article titled â€Å"Rudeness at the Movies,† Bill Wine talked how people being rude in the movie theater is an actual experience. Wine talks about different ways people can be rude at the theaters by distracting others. He also talks about how the complete movie theater experience that he doesn’t get as a movie critic; because he is a mo vie critic he is use to a private quiet theater with other critics. This shows how much of an experience it is to go the a public theater with the distractions and what also makes coming to the movies an attraction.Wine states in his article that the laughing crowd helps a lot during comedy movies. â€Å"Especially with comedies, the infectiousness of laughter is an important is an important ingredient of movie-watching pleasure† (741), these experiences actually make going to the movies an experience hated by some and loved by others. These actions are hated by some because there are obnoxious people into the theater. People often talk before and during the movies which is very annoying and people who has already seen the movie will talk about upcoming parts.Wine shows many times that people can be rude at the movie theaters but even though it is obnoxious it may help the experience (Wine 740-742). In the article â€Å"Rudeness at the Movies,† the author Bill Wine, it is quite obvious how people can be obnoxious in the movie theaters and how going to the movies can be torturous. He talks about people talking and distracting others in the movie theaters. Wine makes a good point when he talks about a women talking about upcoming parts in the movie being watched, â€Å"Tell them about the pie eating scene, Harry. Wait’ll you see it. It comes just before you find out that the daughter killed her boyfriends.It’s great† (740), says the woman in Wine’s article. I had a similar incident one time with people behind me; they were trying to guess what would happen next in the movie; I found it distracting and I didn’t enjoy the movie. He also talks about when groups come in, especially groups of kids, and become really loud. I remember going to the movies experiencing something similar to what was mentioned on page 741, that Boy Scouts came in and started to make a ruckus; I used to be in Boy Scout’s and we actuall y got kicked out of the movie because we were too loud, fooling and joking around.Bill Wine made some pretty good points on how a movie experience can be pretty bad in today’s society. Rudeness at the movies has become a major problem for one of the greatest pastimes. Wine made good points by bringing up how people talked about upcoming scenes in the movie ruining the movie for others around. He also made a good point about how bringing groups of kids can be distracting like the group of Boy Scouts being a huge distraction starting candy eating competitions. Movie theaters, what was once used as a getaway is now a place that may ruin your cinema experience.