American History The Great Depression - 1411 Words

Throughout the course of American history, many events arose which have transpired variations in the lifestyles of American citizens, and everyday life. In particular, in the 1930s the Great Depression transpired as a result of the stock market crash which led to an immense widespread of unemployment of numerous Americans. Many primary sources contributed to the hardships people have faced. To gain an understanding on how the Great Depression happened, one has to imitate the history of the events that led to it. The Twenty-eighth president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, was in office till the end of World War I (Prentice Hall 558). Wilson fused the United States to the League of Nations in hopes to prevent future conflict; however, this plan was ineffective (558). Continuing on to the 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, the Jazz age endangered â€Å"the traditional values of rural America† (pbs.org). After World War I was over, people started using credit to buy mass-produced goods because America began to prosper, and citizens began centering their lives on consumerism. Things started to change in society. For example, women began â€Å"smoking, drinking, and wearing short skirts. The average American was busy buying automobiles and household appliances, and speculating in the stock market, where big money could be made† (pbs.org). This led to an event, which shaped the way people lived and thought. On October 29, 1929, better known as Black Tuesday, the stock marketShow MoreRelatedAmerican History : The Great Depression1688 Words   |  7 PagesJorgensen American history The Great Depression The Great Depression The Great Depression was a terrible time for people in the United States. With the stock market crash, there were many people without jobs, homes, or they didn’t have anything. Many Americans were left with nothing more than the clothes on their back and their family. Many banks and businesses had to close because on the stock market crash. Even though these times in the thirties seemed to be hard for most people, the American peopleRead MoreAmerican History : The Great Depression Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesButler Mr. David Modern US History 28 November 2016 The Great Depression The Great Depression was a time in American history that not only affected the United States deeply, but also the rest of the world (Irwin). Jobs were tough to come by, the stock market was poor, and the American people lacked strong government leadership for a time. In Europe, countries recovering from the great losses of World War I were buried once again in debt and turmoil. The Great Depression was a consequence of manyRead MoreHistory Of American Economy : The Great Depression Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of the American Economy: The Great Depression As early as the 1920s, Americans and their leaders were quite confident about their country’s better future, compared to some of the toughest economic times that the country had gone through, such as the mild economic depression in the early 1820s and the bank panic. In fact, during his election trail, Herbert Hoover shown off America’s optimism by citing that the triumph against the poor house was forthcoming. However, the Great Depression eruptedRead MoreAmerican Economic History: The Great Depression3024 Words   |  12 PagesTwo of the most dramatic episodes in American economic history were the 1929 Great Depression and the 2008 Great Recession. While in each period the sources of economic excess differed, manufacturing in 1929 and housing in 2008, there are many similarities in their causes and effects. Initially there were also similarities in the way government and monetary authorities responded. However, it is the differences in response that are the most i mportant and will have the greatest impact on the lengthRead MoreAmerican History And Literature : The Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression, And Wwii942 Words   |  4 PagesThe early 1900’s (between 1914 and 1945) were an interesting time in both American history and literature. Considering that events such as WWI, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and WWII had formidable impacts on many people who lived during those parts of the early 20th century; it would be apropos to assume that many writers of that time had major influences in their writing styles out of the various events that occurred during those times. One popular literary movement during this timeRead MoreWhat Is The History Of American Party Politics From The Great Depression Through The 1990s1770 Words   |  8 Pages3. The History of American Party Politics from the Great Depression through the 1990s. In the 18th century, when the debate over the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution was present, the United States formed the two political parties: the Federalist Party, which supported the national government and were dominant until 1800, and the rival Democratic-Republican Party, which supported state governments and were dominant after the 1800s. The two parties led to the creation of the parties,Read MoreWomen s Roles During The Great Depression1413 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent did white women’s social roles change from the 1920s to the Great Depression when employment and income decreased nationwide? A. Plan of Investigation The Great Depression devastated the United States, and remains the worst depression ever experienced by the nation. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† when the economy was thriving in the United States, women took the opportunity to improve their social statuses through enlightenment, but as this period came to an end women’s social rolesRead MoreThe Herbert Hoover : The First President Born West Of The Mississippi River1291 Words   |  6 Pages2016 Knapp ` Herbert Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa, and was the first president born west of the Mississippi River. He was academically successful and strived to be the best. He was a great candidate but his presidency was a failed one. The Great Depression is mostly to blame, as Hoover worked hard to get to his position and then watched his hard work leave as he lost the chance to be reelected. Hoover was born in a Quaker community, which he later left at the age ofRead MoreUnspeakable Hardship1516 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 29, 1929 was the worst day of many American’s lives. That was the day the stock market crashed and the Great Depression was launched. At first, the President, and other politicians thought it would end after just a few months but it turned out to be the absolute worst stock market crash in the history of America. America lost 14 billion dollars on that one detrimental day and by the end of the week, America lost a flabbergasting 30 billion dollars. Today, that would be the equivalentRead MoreCauses and Effects of The Great Depression in the United States1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression is a defining moment in time for not only American, but world history. This was a time that caused political, economical, and social unrest. Not only did the Great Depression cause a world wide panic, it also caused a world wide crisis unlike any before it. This paper will analyze both the causes and the effects of the Great Depression in the United States of America. One cause of the depression is the effects of World War One. World War one had many devastating effects on

Review Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

Society’s conventional definitions of sanity and insanity are affected by many different aspects and according to common knowledge, insanity has a direct correlation to mental illness. Likewise, sanity seems to have a direct link to what is considered normal. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey describes the connection that both insanity and sanity have to mental illness and the people that suffer from it. Furthermore, it describes how the people who work in the mental ward are connected to how sanity and insanity are perceived. Kesey makes the reader question the accepted definitions of sane and insane by using the actions of the characters, the personalities of the employees, and the mental ward as a whole. Mental institutions such as the one in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest have various patients with various mental illnesses. According to Chief Bromden, a Chronic is a type of patient in the mental institution who has no chance of leaving or being c ured. A patient either arrives as a Chronic or becomes one due to procedures such as lobotomy and electric shock therapy (Kesey, 1962, pg. 15-16). However, this denotation reveals how mentally ill does not necessarily equal insane. While many of the Chronics do have some form of mental illness, their position in the asylum is often a result of the behavior of the people who work there. The Acutes, another type of patient in the mental institution, have little to do with the Chronics because of their fear that theyShow MoreRelatedThe Cuckoo s Effect On Adolescent Minds1440 Words   |  6 PagesKen Kesey s Cuckoo Effect On Adolescent Minds One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest is a staple in American literature; however, the mature elements in the novel make it difficult for certain readers to enjoy. As maturity levels differ for different readers, the novel is not permitted in certain schools. Considering the great value in this novel, there is some controversy as to whether the book should be banned from school curricula. The age of the students studying this book plays an important roleRead MoreDisability Issues in Media: a Comparison4457 Words   |  18 Pagesinstitution in the late 1950s Ââ€" One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (1975). This film provides a realistic portrayal of institutional living during a time when the medical model of disability theory was the norm. The second film, Born on the Fourth of July, tells the story of a young man, Ron Kovic, and his struggle to make sense of his life after being paralyzed from the chest down while serving in the Vietnam War. This was a tumultuous time in American Society and one that led to a major shift in the

Analysis of Skills Future to the Youths

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Skills Future to the Youths. Answer: Introduction The SkillsFuture is a Singaporean program that is aimed at creating opportunities for the Singaporeans for their development and growth of the country. The initiative was developed by the Ministry of Finance in 2015 during the reading of the annual budget. The main key issues addressed by the movement were based on acquisition of education, career development and job opportunities for the younger generation and the whole population. In this note, this paper will discuss matters of the impact of SkillsFuture on the Singaporean youths in regard to education, social welfare and economic statues. In light of the study evidence of the SkillFuture will be analyzed giving weight on the social and economic status of the country and evidence against the program. Thesis Statement In response to the contemporary issues involving growth of economy, social issues and technology, the government initiated the SkillsFuture movement to look at the issues relating to invention of new job opportunities, doing away with old occupations. This objective was to be accomplished by establishing small programs under the initiative to address matters concerning acquisition of education, career development and employment. Consequentially the movement has had an impact on the youths as they are the people who were majorly focused on during its creation. The stance for this paper is that, the SkillsFuture is important for the growth and development of the youths economic status and of the government. The countrys development is associated to the quality and quantity of the human capital and resources available. The SkillsFuture through the Credit initiative the financial needs for acquiring education and other trainings have been met. According to the report made by the Minister of Finance and Chairman of SkillsFuture Council, Mr. Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam, the program will be used to create new opportunities for the citizens by providing financial help and guidance. School going children will get assistance in training and guidance through learning programs and counseling. For example, the government looks forward in establishing a key professional in education and counseling career. The initiative will equip counselors the industrial experience and knowledge to be useful in proving informed guidance to the trainees. One of the evidence for this movement is the support given to the Singapore Workforce Development Agency (WDA) to help in growth of the counselors. The trainees wil l benefit from the program in getting internships mostly in the Institutes of Higher Learning to give them guidance in their career pathways. There will be continuous development of the skills and potentials in the career and other new courses for individuals through the SkillsFuture Study Awards and SkillsFuture Fellowships. This will help in creating new opportunities and helping the citizens to gain more skills that will assist them to venture into other areas of the economy. The use of the benefits from the programs in the SkillsFuture into the practice and economy. The SkillsFuture Credit of $500 was created to help the citizens to acquire training in different courses or further their careers. The funding was to be released in 2016 to serve the needs of the individuals who were to improve and develop their skills and talents. This was to be done at regular intervals and would only be used for educational purpose. The program also advocated for creation of online platform by 2017. The online platform was established under the Learning Portfolio 2017 and it had the following features that assisted the individuals have a plan for their education; one-stop education, training and career guidance resource. The SkillsFuture Earn and Learn Program and the Support for Mid-Career Singaporeans was also to further the progressive plan of education. The government for example provided subsidies for the Singaporeans aged 40 and above that constituted 90% of the total costs for courses financed by MOE and WDA. The government further in creating a sustainable environment for businesses and development of the economy under the SKillsFuture established the New Industry Collaboration. The initiative was intended to improve the relationship among the key stakeholders for the Singaporean economy. For example, the government geared collaboration between the training organizations, trade unions and associations, and employers in development of skills and talents of the citizens. According to the Chairman of the SkillsFuture the plan on industrial collaboration was to ensure that the plans under the program have developed and implemented by 2020 thorugh involving the Sectoral Manpower Plan (SMPs). Contrary, the initiative has not established the main problem involved in development of the youths economy such as unemployment and the national economy. The program has overlooked the challenges that it might cause on the citizens such as increase of tax rates therefore burdening them in paying taxes and other levies. Further, it has not created good relationship between the private sector and the public. Much weight has been given on development of skills through the main educational initiatives that have been established. It will improve the potentials of the citizens but it has not created job opportunities for the beneficiaries. In conclusion, the SkillsFuture program is an effective means of looking into the future of the country and the citizens. It has created opportunities for every person and majorly the youths are to benefit from it and be able to develop and improve their economic, social and educational status. References Report from the Minister of Finance and Chairman of SkillsFuture during Budget. 2015, p. 9. ANG,J.C. Leaders that Make or Break Your Career. Singapore Teachers. 2016, p. 29 SkillsFuture. The objectives of the movement. , 2015, p.7. Abdul Rahim,A. SkillsFuture and the Malay/Muslim Community Opportunities for the Future.Majulah! 2016, p. 21 Clutterbuck,D. Mentoring Programs and Coaching Initiatives. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. 2015, p. 14. Raj,P., Iyengar,J. URA Card Game: Career Awareness Among Children To Understand Career Options in A Fun Way And Make Informed Career Choices. Edulearn16 . 2014, P. 19. Clutterbuck,D. Mentoring Programs and Coaching Initiatives. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. 2015, p. 14. Raj,P., Iyengar,J. URA Card Game: Career Awareness Among Children To Understand Career Options in A Fun Way And Make Informed Career Choices. Edulearn16 . 2014, P. 19.

Macbeth Drama Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Macbeth,

Macbeth Drama In the play "Macbeth," there were many interesting sections which could be concentrated on due to the suspense and the involvement of the supernatural. The use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost, and the apparitions is a key element in making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Looking through each Act and Scene of the play, it is noticed that the supernatural is definitely a major factor on the play's style. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the future holds for Macbeth. "When the battles lost and won" (Act I, Scene I, l.4) was said by the second witch. It says that every battle is lost by one side and won by another. Macbeth's fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose his time of victory for the battle of his soul. After the prophecies of the witches' revealed the fate of Macbeth, the plan in which to gain power of the throne is brought up. The only way to gain power of the throne was for Macbeth to work his way to the throne, or to murder King Duncan. Murdering the king was an easier plan since the motivation in his dreams urged him on. Lady Macbeth also relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy of calling upon the evil spirits to give her the power to plot the murder of Duncan without any remorse or conscience (Act I, Scene V, ll.42-57). The three sisters are capable of leading people into danger resulting in death, such as the sailor who never slept (Act I, Scene III, ll.1-37). Lady Macbeth has convinced her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan. On the night they planned to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell to go up the stairs to Duncan's chamber. He sees the vision of the floating dagger. The interest of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil of the dagger being covered with blood. Then the bell rings and Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncan's chamber. Once the murder has been committed, eventually Banquo has his suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to have power of the throne. There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife that they decide to have Banquo killed. Macbeth and his wife attend a banquet in which a ghost appears. Once the murderer notified Macbeth that the deed was done, he observed the ghost of Banquo sitting in his regular seat. This caused Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his actions. (Act III, Scene VI, ll.31-120). The use of the supernatural has increased the suspense now that Macbeth is constantly relying on the prophecies of the three witches. Hecate, the Queen of witches is angry with the three sisters for not involving her in their encounters with Macbeth. The witches plan to lead Macbeth to his downfall by making him feel over-confident. (Act III, Scene V, ll.1-35). Further on in the play, Macbeth finds his way to the witches' cave and demands to know what lies ahead for him. The three witches predict what he is going to ask and produce the first apparition which is an armed head. "Macbeth!, Macbeth!, Macbeth!, beware of Macduff; beware thane of Fife. Dismiss me: enough." (Act VI, Scene I, ll.77-78). The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware of Macduff. Then the second apparition appears (a bloody child), and says: "Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth." (Act IV, Scene I, ll.85-87). This apparition informs Macbeth that no man born from a woman can harm him. finally, the last apparition appears and is a child crowned, with a tree in his hand. The apparition is saying that he will never be defeated until Great Birnam wood shall come against him to High Dunsinane Hill. "Be lion melted, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are: Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be until Great Birnam wood to High Dunsinane Hill shall come against him." (Act VI, Scene I, ll.98-102). These apparitions convinced Macbeth that this was his fate and became over confident, and lead him to his death. The use of the supernatural in Macbeth results quite well

Free Essays on Daddy

The novel Daddy is a historical fiction/thriller takes place during World War II. Because this book is more of a thriller than a historical novel, the author’s purpose in writing this book is to entertain the reader rather than educate them, although he ended up doing so in the process. Hans Thomas von Gall is an elderly German banker, who has fooled the Nazi’s. He has hidden the sum of 724 million marcs (approx. 431 million dollars) of German investor’s money, some Jewish, out of the country before the start of World War II. After being captured and tortured by the Nazi’s for ten hours, he committed suicide by jumping out of a window, but not before writing down 724 false names and access codes. Heydrich, leader of the operation, has reason to believe that Thomas Von Gall is not the only one who knew the secret codes. He believes that Thomas Von Gall’s beautiful mysterious granddaughter also holds the secret. Heydrich enlists the help of two different types of man hunters to help him find her. His friend, Professor Gregor Laemmle, who is a cunning yet odd homosexual, and a vicious, boneheaded nazi, named Jurgen Hess who is willing to kill anything that moves. Maria Webber was able to elude them expertly. Although they were not able to find her, Laemmle discovered that she has an eleven-year-old son. His name is Thomas and he is a kid genius, (the nazi’s do not know this). He is hiding in the countryside of Basque, while being protected by expert Spaniard bodyguards. Laemmle and Hess make attempts to capture Thomas in hopes of using him as bait to reach his mother, but Thomas engages Laemmle in a battle of brains running around all over the south of France. Thomas is a grown man in a little boy’s body and refuses to trust anybody. This game of cat and mouse takes the form of a giant game of chess in his head, where he sacrifices loved ones to avoid being captured. At one point in this story, Thomas is ca... Free Essays on Daddy Free Essays on Daddy Sylvia Plath’s 1965 poem â€Å"Daddy† deals mostly with the concepts of deception and betrayal. The pain and fear that her father has inflicted upon her causes the betrayal that she feels from him. She blames her feelings of betrayal on her father. She acts out her feelings through angry acts and rage towards her father. Plath begins the poem discussing her feelings of betrayal with the statement, â€Å"You did not do, you did not do,† (504). As stated by M. D. Uroff, â€Å"But if Daddy will not do, neither will he not not do, and we find this speaker [Plath] forcing herself to deal with a situation that she finds unacceptable.† Plath was clearly afraid of her father; she states in the poem, â€Å"Barely daring to breath or Achoo,† (504) and â€Å"I have always been afraid of you,† (505). She also shows that fear of him by her inability to communicate with him, â€Å"I could never talk to you,† (504). Robert Boyer’s explains her fear by stating, â€Å"The internal repression which prevented her from communicating with her father becomes simultaneously the more general barriers to communication, which traditionally have kept victims and oppressors apart.† As a child Plath sees her father as a god; â€Å"A bag full of God,† (504). â€Å"Not God but a swastika,† (505) shows her transitioning him from a Godly figure into a Natzi. She refers to him as â€Å"Panzer man† (505) and also states, â€Å"With your Luftwaffe,† (505). â€Å"The father’s precipitous fall from a deity to evil incarnate sets up the poems denouement,† states Jordon Leondropoulos. Not only does she call him a â€Å"Natzi,† but a â€Å"brute,† â€Å"fascist,† â€Å"devil,† and a â€Å"vampire.† â€Å"The speaker [Plath] here can categorize and manipulate her feelings in name calling,† explains U. D. Uroff. She uses the name-calling to mask her pain caused by the betrayal of her father. While she calls her father a â€Å"Natzi,† she refers to herself as a â€Å"Jew;†... Free Essays on Daddy The novel Daddy is a historical fiction/thriller takes place during World War II. Because this book is more of a thriller than a historical novel, the author’s purpose in writing this book is to entertain the reader rather than educate them, although he ended up doing so in the process. Hans Thomas von Gall is an elderly German banker, who has fooled the Nazi’s. He has hidden the sum of 724 million marcs (approx. 431 million dollars) of German investor’s money, some Jewish, out of the country before the start of World War II. After being captured and tortured by the Nazi’s for ten hours, he committed suicide by jumping out of a window, but not before writing down 724 false names and access codes. Heydrich, leader of the operation, has reason to believe that Thomas Von Gall is not the only one who knew the secret codes. He believes that Thomas Von Gall’s beautiful mysterious granddaughter also holds the secret. Heydrich enlists the help of two different types of man hunters to help him find her. His friend, Professor Gregor Laemmle, who is a cunning yet odd homosexual, and a vicious, boneheaded nazi, named Jurgen Hess who is willing to kill anything that moves. Maria Webber was able to elude them expertly. Although they were not able to find her, Laemmle discovered that she has an eleven-year-old son. His name is Thomas and he is a kid genius, (the nazi’s do not know this). He is hiding in the countryside of Basque, while being protected by expert Spaniard bodyguards. Laemmle and Hess make attempts to capture Thomas in hopes of using him as bait to reach his mother, but Thomas engages Laemmle in a battle of brains running around all over the south of France. Thomas is a grown man in a little boy’s body and refuses to trust anybody. This game of cat and mouse takes the form of a giant game of chess in his head, where he sacrifices loved ones to avoid being captured. At one point in this story, Thomas is ca...

How to Select an Original Argumentative Essay Topic

How to Select an Original Argumentative Essay Topic Original Argumentative Essay Topics The argumentative essay is the exact type of academic assignment, which is very popular in modern universities and colleges. The students who learn history, economics or political science often face a need to perform an argumentative essay. The main purpose of this essay paper is to reveal students’ abilities to reason and support arguments. This article will help you to perform a perfect argumentative essay and will bring numerous original ideas for selecting the most appropriate topics of the essay paper. How to Choose a Proper Argumentative Paper Topic When you need to perform an argumentative paper, you will be assigned a topic or will face a need to select your own. Sometimes, it is easier to perform your own topic if you are able to choose the most appropriate and original argumentative research paper topic. It is important for your topic to be interesting and useful for the audience. Thus, first check who is your audience and only then start performing your paper. Make sure you know the topic you are going to write about in your essay paper. How to Prepare Essay Paper In order to prepare an excellent argumentative essay paper, you need to follow the next writing plan: Ideas’ research; Brainstorming; Writing an outline; Proper structure; Writing process; Proofread; Final Research. Every mentioned stage of the essay paper performing needs to be followed no matter what topic you have chosen for your essay paper. Make sure you know a lot about the topic, its main subjects, objects, and top characteristics of the described issue. Ideas’ Research Once conducting research, make sure to deal only with reliable sources, thus choose proper sources and check various materials with different viewpoints and other researchers’ thoughts. Since an argumentative essay requires proper references, write down every source used with its detailed title, author’s name, date of publishing, and the pages’ numbers. This is very useful to perform a reference list in advance since it will help you to save a lot of time when finishing your research project. Brainstorming This is the exact stage where you need to look through every idea and argumentation to figure out what you are going to write and how you need to perform a paper. You will be assigned a certain formatting style thus it may help you to shape your paper properly. Check every of your idea, even the most provocative and intriguing ones. It is great to list your ideas since this form of pre-writing allows choosing the best ideas without forgetting any of its slightest details. Proper Structure Once dealing with a selection of a proper structure, follow the standard essay paper’s structure with the following top elements: Introduction; Main body; Conclusion. The introduction needs to be quite impressive and attention-grabbing to make the reader continue reading your paper. The introduction also must contain the main thesis statement. The main body consists of the min paragraphs, which reveal the statements and their support arguments. Moreover, it is important to place every statement and argumentation logically to let the reader get the main point of the paper. The main body needs to reveal the evidence and the opponents’ arguments to make the entire picture full. Use statistics and other important data to support your arguments. With proper argumentation and evidence, start performing a conclusion. This is now supposed to be a simple summary of the paper. You also need to show the practical use of your research’s results for other researches. You can add a call-to-action to your conclusion if needed. Outline In order to organize the entire writing process, it is useful to perform an outline. The outline will be used further as a working plan to make the writing more convenient. The outline allows summarizing the main ideas, which need to be revealed in the main paragraphs of an argumentative essay paper. Writing Process It is important to focus your attention on a proper paper’s structure since only proper formatting and structure allows preparing a flawless original paper. Therefore, follow the structure and use the outline to organize the entire writing process more conveniently. Sure, you can implement any of your writing ideas; thus, if you think you need to use unique writing techniques feel free to use them in order to provide a perfect argumentative essay paper. It is important to check your vocabulary all the time in order to avoid using jargon and other inappropriate languages. Remember, there is no use to do your entire writing on the same day. Plan your working hours and spend enough time to prepare an original and flawless paper. Proofreading Once you have an argumentative essay written, make sure to check it for any grammatical and spelling mistakes. Moreover, try to avoid the next logical misconceptions: Hasty generalizations. It means using a conclusion having non-valid evidence. Ad hominem attack. This is when a writer tries to deal with the opponent’s point of you by turning to name-calling. Genetic fallacy. This is the situation when an argument is bad because of its origins. Circular argument. It is when a writer tries to prove an argument by simply restating it in dissimilar words. Controversial Argumentative Essay Topics Numerous writers prefer using controversial argumentative essay topics to grab the readers’ attention and prepare a unique writing piece. College and university students and other writers who want to perform an exclusive argumentative essay can easily use these controversial argumentative essay topics. Note: These topics are not for middle school students. Family Matters The right to adopt children for homosexual partners: pros and cons. Physical discipline for children: do the parents have a right to do so? Should the parents who were named incompetent by the state representatives to be allowed to keep their children? What do you think about same-sex couples as parents? Children punishment: long-term negative effects. Society Legalization of abortion: pros and cons. Assisted suicide: legal responsibility and consequences. How to stop the illegal immigration in the world? What is the most appropriate role of the Church in society? Should the death penalty be justified? Law What rulings should the judges make: based on the wording of the law or the one beneficial for society? It the power of the U.S. Supreme Court excessively overrating the power of the local branches of government? Does the collection of metadata remain a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment? Do you believe the stated need to be given more power? What positive changes can bring the right of the Great Britain House of Lords to obtain veto power over the House of Commons? Ethics Do you think it is right for psychologists and priests to share the content of their conversations with patients and parishioners when required by the law? Does the doctor have an ethical right to deny treatment to a patient who cannot pay? Does the right to use a gun in order to defend own life and properly is ethically allowed? Should the government make prostitution a legal work? What do you think about the legalization of the drugs? History Did the United States have a right to banish the Native Americans from their territories? The reasons for the Prussia success in gathering Germany lands into a single nation? Can be justified the post Second World War occupation of Eastern Europe by the Soviet Union? The invention of the cotton gin and its effect on American agriculture. What are the main and primary reasons for the Indo-Pak Wars? Health Care The private and public healthcare systems: pros and cons. The main ways of dealing with an increasingly aging population in the United States? Do the scientists have an ethical right to perform experiments on animals? Should drug and alcohol addiction be listed as a disease? The effects of the 21st Century social environments on humans’ health. Education Choose and verify the most effective education system: teacher-centered or student-centered. Is it beneficial for children with special needs to be taught together with ordinary children? Do the schools need athletics as a special discipline? List and compare the main learning methodologies of 20th and 21st centuries. Is it beneficial for students to be friends with their teachers? Foreign Policy Does Great Britain make the right decision to leave the European Union? Should the NATO and EU expand in Eastern Europe? The main foreign policy objectives of the current president of the United States. How to achieve a lasting peace in Syria? The improvements of the foreign policy of Ukraine due to Russian and American interference in her domestic affairs? Economics The reasons for the communism failure in the Soviet Union? The benefits of socialism for developed nations. The pros and cons of socialism and capitalism for modern society. The most beneficial economic system for Third World countries. The protectionist and free trade policies: pros and cons. Military Science The importance of ground forces for achieving victory in modern wars. Use of biological and chemical munitions: the ethical and moral rights. The use of aircraft carriers in current wars: pros and cons. The replacement of soldiers by artificial intelligence and machines in the future. Can the occupation of the country in total war and all the methods used for it be justified in the end? The argumentative essay is a complex, but a very exciting academic assignment, which is very popular in modern universities and colleges. The students who learn history, foreign policy, political science, economics, etc. often face a need to perform an argumentative essay. The main purpose of this type of essay paper is to demonstrate the students’ abilities to reason and support arguments. This article will help you to perform a perfect argumentative essay and allow finding numerous original ideas for the best original topic for your essay paper.

The switching roles of moms and dads Research Proposal

The switching roles of moms and dads - Research Proposal Example Ebony (1999) makes this clear: ‘a generation of new millennium parents – mostly middle-class professionals – is blurring the traditional lines and writing new rules for child-rearing’. In summary, due to fundamental changes in the past half century, the economic and social roles of mothers and fathers have become interchangeable and flexible. Over the past half century or so, women have taken on a much more prominent role in the labor market, which has presumably meant a more equitable sharing of caregiving tasks between mothers and fathers, in those households where both parents are in residence. Amato (1994) was correct in proposing that ‘the massive movement of married women into the paid labor force disrupted the traditional division of labor within the nuclear family’ (p.1031). Indeed, he found that 67% of married mothers with children under 18 were in paid work, so that ‘mothers now share the breadwinning role with their husbands’ (Amato, 1994, p.1031). With the ready availability of effective contraceptives since the 1960s, women have been able to take full control of their reproductive lives, with many choosing to delay childbirth and starting a family until they feel that they have established a secure and successful career in their chosen sector. Additionally, the availability of widespread and affordable childcare allows many mothers to return to the workplace, sometimes soon after the birth of a child. The changing economic role of mothers is fully borne out in the figures. From 1948-2001, the percentage of working age women either in employment or looking for paid work rose from under 33% to over 60% (APA, 2010). In many families, the mother is at least as powerful an economic actor as the father, and often more so. For many, traditionally-prescribed gender roles and responsibilities have been dissolved, with decisions on the divisions of roles now

Low and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Low and management - Essay Example A binding precedent adheres closely to the precept of stare decisis. It is â€Å"based on the premise that the function of judges is not to create law, but to find law in conformity with existing legal rules.† Under this doctrine, the judge is legally obliged to base his own rulings on previously decided cases, applying the principles of law determined therein. â€Å"This coercive character of the doctrine of precedent is a feature peculiar to the English legal tradition.† (Antoine 2008) On the other hand, persuasive precedents are those legal principles which, while controlling in previous cases, are merely referred to for guidance in the pending case. The judge may refer to these earlier decisions, but will not consider himself bound to abide strictly by them. Examples of such persuasive precedents are decisions of a court of another jurisdiction, and decisions of a lower-level court. Another consideration would be the date the precedent case was decided, since generally, cases which are more recent would be more authoritative as a basis for new decisions. Also, if the case were promulgated by a judge with more prominent reputation, the greater the degree of persuasiveness of that decision. (Gall, 1983) An important basis as to whether a precedent is binding or persuasive is that portion of the judgment from which the legal principle is drawn. Judgments are comprised of the ratio decidendi and the obiter dicta. The ratio decidendi is that part of the judgment where the judge states the material facts of the case and sets down his legal reasons for arriving at his or her decision. If the court which ruled on the precedent case is higher than the court hearing the pending case, then such precedent is binding upon the lower court. On the other hand, the principle may be embodied in the obiter dictum, which comprises the opinions and observations of the judge. The obiter dicta are persuasive in nature; the judge in the

Oligopoly and monopoly Essay Example for Free

Oligopoly and monopoly Essay An oligopoly is an intermediate market structure between the extremes of perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopoly firms might compete (noncooperative oligopoly) or cooperate (cooperative oligopoly) in the marketplace. Whereas firms in an oligopoly are price makers, their control over the price is determined by the level of coordination among them. The distinguishing characteristic of an oligopoly is that there are a few mutually interdependent firms that produce either identical products (homogeneous oligopoly) or heterogeneous products (differentiated oligopoly). Mutual interdependence means that firms realize the effects of their actions on rivals and the reactions such actions are likely to elicit. For instance, a mutually interdependent firm realizes that its price drops are more likely to be matched by rivals than its price increases. This implies that an oligopolist, especially in the case of a homogeneous oligopoly, will try to maintain current prices, since price changes in either direction can be harmful, or at least nonbeneficial. Consequently, there is a kink in the demand curve because there are asymmetric responses to a firms price increases and to its price decreases; that is, rivals match price falls but not price increases. This leads to sticky prices, such that prices in an oligopoly turn out to be more stable than those in monopoly or in competition; that is, they do not change every time costs change. On the flip side, the sticky-price explanation (formally, the kinked demand model of oligopoly) has the significant drawback of not doing a very good job of explaining how the initial price, which eventually turns out to be sticky, is arrived at. Airline markets and automobile markets are prime examples of oligopolies. We see that as the new auto model year gets under way in the fall, one car manufacturers reduced financing rates are quickly matched by the other firms because of recognized mutual interdependence. Airlines also match rivals fares on competing routes. In oligopolies, entry of new firms is difficult because of entry barriers. These entry barriers may be structural (natural), such as economies of scale, or artificial, such as limited licenses issued by government. Firms in an oligopoly, known as oligopolists, choose prices and output to maximize profits. However, firms could compete along other dimensions as well, such as advertising, location, research and development (RD) and so forth. For instance, a firms research or advertising strategies are influenced by what its rivals are doing. When one restaurant advertises that it will accept rivals coupons, others are compelled to follow suit. The rivals responses in an oligopoly can be modeled in the form of reaction functions. Sophisticated firms anticipating rivals behavior might appear to act in concert (conscious parallelism) without any explicit agreement to do so. Such instances pose problems for antitrust regulators. Mutually interdependent firms have a tendency to form cartels, enabling them to coordinate price and quantity actions to increase profits. Besides facing legal obstacles, cartels are difficult to sustain because of free-rider problems. Shared monopolies are extreme cases of cartels that include all the firms in the industry. Given that mutual interdependence can exist along many dimensions, there is no single model of oligopoly. Rather, there are numerous models based on different behavior, ranging from the naive Cournot models to more sophisticated models of game theory. An equilibrium concept that incorporates mutual interdependence was proposed by John Nash and is referred to as Nash equilibrium. In a Nash equilibrium, firms decisions (i. e. , price-quantity choices) are their best responses, given what their rivals are doing. For example, McDonalds charges $2. 99 for a Value Meal based on what Burger King and Wendys are charging for a similar menu item. McDonalds would reconsider its pricing if its rivals were to change their prices. The level of information that firms have has a major influence on their behavior in an oligopoly. For instance, when mutually interdependent firms have asymmetric information and are unable to make credible commitments regarding their behavior, a prisoners dilemma type of situation arises where the Nash equilibrium might include choices that are suboptimal. For instance, individual firms in a cartel have an incentive to cheat on the previously agreed-upon price-output levels. Since cartel members have nonbinding commitments on limiting production levels and maintaining prices, this results in widespread cheating, which in turn leads to an eventual breakdown of the cartel. Therefore, while all firms in the cartel could benefit by cooperating, lack of credible commitments results in cheating being a Nash equilibrium strategy—a strategy that is suboptimal from the individual firms standpoint. Models of oligopoly could be static or dynamic depending upon whether firms take intertemporal decisions into account. Significant models of oligopoly include Cournot, Bertrand, and Stackelberg. Cournot oligopoly is the simplest model of oligopoly in that firms are assumed to be naive when they think that their actions will not generate any reaction from the rivals. In other words, according to the Cournot model, rival firms choose not to alter their production levels when one firm chooses a different output level. Cournot thus focuses on quantity competition rather than price competition. While the naive behavior suggested by Cournot might seem plausible in a static setting, it is hard to image real-world firms not learning from their mistakes over time. The Bertrand models significant difference from the Cournot model is that it assumes that firms choose (set) prices rather than quantities. The Stackelberg model deals with the scenario in which there is a leader firm in the market whose actions are imitated by a number of follower firms. The leader is sophisticated in terms of taking into account rivals reactions, while the followers are naive, as in the Cournot model. The leader might emerge in a market because of a number of factors, such as historical precedence, size, reputation, innovation, information, and so forth. Examples of Stackelberg leadership include markets where one dominant firm dictates the terms, usually through price leadership. Under price leadership, the leader firms pricing decisions are consistently followed by rival firms. Since oligopolies come in various forms, the performance of such markets also varies a great deal. In general, the oligopoly price is below the monopoly price but above the competitive price. The oligopoly output, in turn, is larger than that of a monopolist but falls short of what a competitive market would supply. Some oligopoly markets are competitive, leading to few welfare distortions, while other oligopolies are monopolistic, resulting in dead weight losses. Furthermore, some oligopolies are more innovative than others. Whereas the price-quantity rankings of oligopoly vis-a-vis other markets are relatively well established, how oligopoly fares with regard to R and D and advertising is less clear.

I am going to explain how I would direct the final part of Act3 in order :: Drama

I am going to explain how I would direct the final part of Act3 in order to highlight the dramatic tension and to show the audience Priestly's message concerning social responsibility! An inspector calls "An Inspector Calls" -Out Line- I am going to explain how I would direct the final part of Act3 in order to highlight the dramatic tension and to show the audience Priestly's message concerning social responsibility! -Introduction- In 1945 JB Priestly made a play called "An inspector calls". Priestly belived that tho's who were wealthier should pay more taxes. So the government could pay for a state wellfair like NHS and education. He believed this because he was a socialist and belived in fairness. He knew lower class people were not payed much but still had to give virtually all their money away. The state wellfair system would make it fairer! Lower classed people did much more for the country than the upperclasses. The play was written in 1945 but set in 1912. This was done so the audience would realise how arrogant the upper class was. This is shown by Mr Birling where he says; "The germans don't want a war. Nobody wants war, except some half civilised folks in the Bolkans." This shows how arrogant Mr Birling is as the audience knew there were two world wars between 1912 and 1945. And as I said it was the lower classed people who did more for the country, it was the lower classed people who fought in thos two world wars. -An Inspector calls- At the beginning before the inspector leaves they are all feeling increadibly upset and angry at each other. Priestly shows this in a stage direction. Mrs Birling is "Distressed" when she finds out about Erics involvement with Eva Smith. She is depressed because she said how she wouldn't let the inspector catch her as she has nothing to hide but when the Inspector tells her this information she is deeply upset. I would have Mrs Birling sit down at this point if she isn't already sat down and hold her head in her hands, crying and have Sheila showing no sympathy for her mother as she tried telling her that the inspector would get the better of her. -Dramatic Tension in ACT 3- The most dramatic part of the play "An inspector calls" is where the adults are feeling joyuss and happy with them selves, after a phone call to the police asking if the Inspector is real and that no girl is dead. This is shown by Mr Birlings reaction towards Sheila and Eric. As they are still feeling upset as they know each others personal

Practicing sports Essay

Practicing sports allows people to reap a variety of benefits. Participating in sports helps you maintain a healthy lifestyle by getting the exercise your body needs and can also serve as a stress reliever. Some people take sports more seriously than others and want to pursue a career as professional athletes. Many athletes push themselves to work towards perfection in an attempt to reach this dream. However, along the way many athletes lose sight not only of what they are working so hard towards but also of what is right and begin doing wrong things that eventually hurt them, their loved ones and sometimes even their own reputations. While trying to work hard towards their goals, some athletes forget what their responsibilities are and prioritize work before more important things. Because they are aiming for perfection, they overwork themselves and pay little or no attention to their family. Professional motocross racer Ryan Villapoto is one of the worlds best super cross races of his generation. After his family gave up every thing for him so he could get a pro contract at the age of 16 he turned on them and wouldn’t let them in to his life. After winning the 2011 super cross championship it took 2 years and a 6 mouth long injury before realizing he needed to let his family back in his life.

The goal of improving our educational system for the benefit

If there is one thing that binds all our readings together, it is the goal of improving our educational system for the benefit of our student and their future. Despite the debates actively taking place and the battles educational institutions are fighting for, there remains a consensus, a middle ground where all can meet and be in agreement. And that is the drive towards developing our children into the best individuals they can possibly be, ready to take on bigger and more challenging roles in the future.This development starts the moment life breathes into a child. This continues as he or she grows and matures. But we do not expect all children to develop at the same time, in the same manner, at the same pace, because as Tanner (1978) pointed out, children possess a â€Å"tempo of growth,† meaning, some â€Å"play out their growth andante, others allegro, a few lentissimo† (cited in Hetherington and Parke, 1993, p. 90).This fact led me to assess what theorist Vygotsky termed as â€Å"zone of proximal development† or ZPD in the playground and in my host teacher’s classroom to explore the â€Å"distance between the actual development level† of students as determined by their â€Å"independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined† by their â€Å"problem solving under adult supervision or in collaboration with more capable peers† (cited in Thomas, 2000, pp. 308-309). Since Vygotsky focused on cognitive and mental development in exploring children’s ZPD, my research will explore the physical signs of development by which students manifest ZPD.My observation started with kids in the playground. I watched as a group of children played – chasing each other, climbing poles, taking slides, swinging and running around, jumping in ropes, and exhibiting tons of energy.   I noticed their bodies are small and fragile, yet they are very strong and eager to engage in active and ti reless play. I picked two kids to talk to; one was a nine-year old boy, 4’9† tall and 110 lbs. heavy, and the other was a girl about the same age, 4’7† in height and appears relatively thin for her age. Both are actively engaged in playing with their friends, but differ in backgrounds, maturity, and level of reasoning and thinking.The girl came from humble roots, with only a relative to take care of her. I noticed a level of sincerity, maturity, and truthfulness for her age. She said she prefers studying more than playing because she regards education as a stepping stone to fulfill her dream of improving her family’s life. On the other hand, the boy came from an affluent family. As I was talking to him, I noticed that his mind was not in our conversation, as he continuously gazed at his playmates showing uninterested to my queries. He claimed he prefers playing than studying because he usually achieves the fun he wants in the playground and not in th e classroom.My journey in exploring children’s ZPD led me to my host teacher’s class in Laggard High School. Before the first period, Earth Science, I was introduced to the class and the students welcomed me with subtle smiles and greetings. I immediately took note of their different body structures that ranged from thin to big, but majority were of the normal structure for their age. My host teacher started the discussion with a recap of the previous lesson. This was her strategy to get students’ attention, at the same time, gauge the memory and knowledge of her students.She connected the previous topic with the lesson for the day for them to easily follow the discussion and thus, a smooth transition of topics. The students cooperated as they listened attentively to what she was saying. However, she disliked this silence because she wants her students to participate in the discussion by actively reciting or raising a question or clarification. Thus, she encoura ged them to raise their hand if they think and feel like they cannot follow what she was saying or they simply want to add or say something to the class. And so some students started raising their hands and stood up. One student seated at the back waved at her and asked her to repeat what she just said because this student did not hear clearly what the teacher said; another persistently raised her hand and called out to her, supplementing the discussion with some of her thoughts and ideas.Furthermore, my host teacher encouraged a collaborative style of learning, in which a student will assist another student in understanding the lessons. Not only does help come from my host teacher and her assistant teacher, but also from students themselves. The more capable students moved out from their chairs to go to their less capable classmates. They started opening their notes and engaged in chit-chats. One even pretended she was the teacher and went in front of the class to make a point. Ano ther used his forefinger to stress important facts in his notes at the same time made use of hand gestures to express himself. Others, who were being taught, simply nodded in agreement and thanked the more capable classmates for tutoring. This was a clear evidence of scaffolding or adjusting or modifying the kind and amount of support given to the students that is best fitted to their level of development (Hetherington and Parke, 1993, p.333).My host teacher, aware that her students have varied levels of knowledge absorption and mental capacity, modified the support she gives to the class by letting more capable students assist less capable ones, since she knows she cannot focus on each one of them. This allows the more capable students to share their knowledge and the less capable students to cope up with and follow the lessons, thus a harmonious classroom environment is encouraged and a uniform level of development is reached. Moreover, as I stayed longer in the classroom, I reali zed that students demonstrated ZPD only with the people they trust and respect.While some called my assistance, others still regarded me as an outsider and hesitated to ask for my help. I found this claim more evident in the next session, as some students grew noisy and unruly. With just one stern look or a thumbs-down signal from my host teacher and every single mouth shuts up. Therefore, for all students to reach the desired ZPD, more capable students, who possess the ability to solve problems on their own and with the help of their teacher, should help out those who cannot solve problems independently. Also, for ZPD to take effect, trust and respect should primarily be established.ZPD comes with time and effort. We can gauge students’ ZPD by their physical activeness either in the playground or in the classroom, as they energetically play with their playmates, and raise their hands in recitation or use hand gestures in expressing themselves, respectively. The physical deve lopment of one child does not rest solely on his or her height or weight, as both the two kids in the playground and the students in the classroom exhibited activeness and flexibility in their own ways.Furthermore, less physical development in children does not mean less emotional and cognitive development, as evident in the girl who demonstrated more maturity and intelligence in answering my queries, and the more capable students, of normal body structures, who established more knowledge and problem solving skills. In addition, the environment where a child grows up or lives in with creates a huge impact on his or her development, as manifested by the simple beginnings of the girl who valued education more than anything else, the affluent upbringing of the boy who considered playing as more important than studying, and the students in the classroom, taught by their teacher to value collaboration in learning.Although these are little signs of children’s physical development, these are significant indicators that will lead them to develop socially in their dealings with their parents, classmates, teachers, friends, and neighbors; emotionally in facing life and its situations maturely; and cognitively with a deep understanding of things and problem solving techniques. My research can help parents realize that they should give their children enough freedom to have fun and enjoy their childhood, but at the same time, instill the value of education. Teachers, too, can benefit from my research, in that they should encourage peer collaboration in the classroom for students to express themselves physically and cognitively. Learning about students’ ZPD is one way educational institutions can help guarantee that knowledge, critical thinking, and problem solving, are imparted in our students, thus the goal of developing our children into the best individuals they can possibly be, is realized.ReferencesHetherington, E.M. and Parke, R. (1993). Child Psycholog y: A contemporary viewpoint(4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.Thomas, R.M. (2000). Comparing theories of child development (5th ed.). California:Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

How To Stop Running Out Of Time On SAT Reading

How To Stop Running Out Of Time On SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Feeling pressed for time on any test is extremely frustrating. It’s even worse on tests like the SAT and ACT because they’re so lengthy: if you run out of time on a section, you don't get the relief of "Well, at least I'm done with the test" because you have to move right on to the next section. Since you can’t stop time (probably?) and, except for some special circumstances, can’t get extra time, you'll need another solution to help you avoid running out of time. So what strategies can you use? I’ll discuss the top misconception students have about running low on time on the SAT Reading section and strategies to avoid running out of time. First, however, I want to do a quick run-through of the timing for SAT Reading- after all, in order to stop running out of time on the section, you first must know its basic layout. We have an in-depth explanation of this in another article, but in case you don't have the time to read it through I've written up a summary below. feature image credit: 12 sec by Peter, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. How Long Is the SAT Reading Section? The new SAT Reading section is the first section of the SAT and consists of 52 questions over 65 minutes. You'll answer these questions based on the contents of six passages (four single passages and a set of shorter paired passages) spanning three different subject areas (U.S. and world literature, social science, and natural science). Two passages in each SAT Reading section will also be accompanied by charts or graphics that you'll have to look at to answer a few of the questions. (If you want more specifics, we go into all this in much more detail in our article on what's actually tested on SAT Reading). SAT Reading questions come in eight main flavors: Big Picture: Questions about the main point of the passage. Detail/Little Picture: Questions about a specific line or lines in the passage. Inference: Questions that ask you to interpret the meaning of line or two in a passage. Words In Context: Questions that ask for how a word is used in a particular instance in the passage. Function: Questions that ask how a phrase, sentence, or paragraph functions in the larger context of the paragraph or passage. Author Technique: Questions that ask about the passage's tone or style; you'll often be asked to compare and contrast different authors’ techniques. Evidence Support: Questions that ask you what specific evidence supports the correct answer to a previous question. Data Intepretation: Questions that ask you to analyze and answer questions about the charts and graphics accompanying the passage(s). The #1 Reading Misconception The number one thing I've heard when it comes to the SAT Reading is something along the lines of "I’m a slow reader, so I’ll never be able to finish the SAT Reading section in time and I won't be able to bring my reading score up". FALSE. Excelling on the SAT Reading section is not just about reading speed- otherwise, it would be called the SAT Speed Reading section (or something like that). If you read a lot, or read quickly, that may give you a little bit of an edge, especially with big picture questions that require you to synthesize information from the whole passage. If you’re a slow reader or don’t read a lot, you might be reading this and thinking "Well, great. I’m already starting from behind." But reading quickly in no way guarantees that you will excel on the SAT Reading, or even that you won’t be rushed. There are several different ways to approach passages in SAT Reading, and the optimal strategy for one person may be the worst possible idea for another. In reality, the key skill to doing well on the SAT Reading section is the ability to skim text while retaining meaning. If you're a slow reader, you can learn to skim through practice. If you're a fast reader, you must be aware that SAT Reading is very different from light fiction reading; you'll need to practice to get the important points from the SAT passage. So how do you avoid being rushed and running out of time on SAT Reading, even if you are a slow reader? Practice, practice, practice! Practicing isn't just the way to get to Carnegie Hall (as the old music joke goes)- practicing the SAT will help you get better at taking the SAT. But it's not enough to practice in any way you can think of- you must practice/study effectively. When studying for SAT Reading, there are three main strategies you should use to focus on to get better at finishing the section in time. Strategy 1: Practice Monitoring Your Time The first step to improving your ability to finish the Reading section without running out of time is to keep track of your time. The two ways to do this are by recording how long you're taking to answer each question and, during the test, being aware of how much time you have left until the end of the section. Know How Long You’re Taking on Each Question If you find you’re taking too much time on a question, mark it and come back to it in review. But what is "too much time?" Well, it depends on your target score, or the score you are aiming for on a particular section; therefore, when preparing for the SAT Reading, you must know your raw and scaled target scores. Why does this matter? If you’re aiming for a lower target score, you can skip more questions, and spend more time on the questions you do answer. Remember, the SAT Reading section consists of 52 questions over 65 minutes: if you’re spending more than one minute 15 seconds per question, you’re going to run into problems, just by the simple math (bonus practice). This 75 seconds-per-question time constraint only applies, however, if you are aiming for a perfect or near-perfect score and need to give every question a fair shot. If you're aiming for a Reading score of 30/40, you can guess on the hardest 25% questions and focus your answering energies on easier questions (although of course which questions these are will be different for everyone). Only aiming to get a 30 on Reading also means you get more time to spend on the questions you are answering. If you only need to get around 36 questions right to reach your target score, then you can spend up to 23 seconds more on each question (36 questions in 65 minutes vs 52 questions in 65 minutes- even more math!). Read our article on getting a 30 on SAT Reading for more strategies like this. Know How Much Time You Have Remaining During the Test This doesn’t necessarily mean dividing up the time beforehand, as in, "Okay, I have 65 minutes with six passages to read (four single, one set of paired) and 52 questions to answer, so I should spend 12 minutes on each single passage and questions and 14 minutes on the paired passages and questions and then I’ll have three minutes to go over everything at the end." Those calculations (a) hurt my brain, and (b) take up way more time than they’d save. Instead, get used to keeping an eye on the clock. You'll need to be able to balance reading the passages with answering questions on them- don’t let one passage suck up all of your time and force you to scramble to get through the rest of the passages and questions. I personally try to check the time only after I've finished skimming a passage and after I've answered all the questions on that passage (even though my initial instinct is to constantly be time-checking). You'll need to figure out what works best for you, but my advice is to avoid checking the time more than once every few questions- otherwise, you'll end up wasting time trying to save time. If you find that you have zero concept of time when you’re practicing answering questions, you can practice with a stopwatch set to go off at five minute increments. Just remember that you won’t actually be able to do this on test day (although the test proctors may give verbal warnings at 10 minutes left and five minutes left). Other SAT Reading Time Monitoring Strategies When looking over the test, mark questions you end up spending a long time on as well as the ones you’re not sure about. Really break down what stumped you about the questions you spent too much time on as well as the ones you got wrong or were uncertain about. Was it the wording of the question? The type of question (paired passage, big picture, inference)? Were you just tired and misread the passage, so you didn't see the answer? Is there a pattern to the questions you're running out of time on? All of this data is valuable fodder for your test prep process: establishing a feedback loop of testing, reviewing your mistakes, and testing again. It is essential not to skip over the middle step of reviewing your mistakes thoroughly. (For more on this, read my article on the best way to review mistakes on the SAT.) Not sure running out of time is your only issue? Read the section on understanding your high level weaknesses in this article. Great! Time left for a beer! by Mike Schinkel, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Pace yourself to avoid RUNNING out of time. Strategy 2: Practice Reading Passages and Answering Questions No, practicing SAT Reading questions over and over won’t necessarily make you a faster reader. But it will make you better at reading the passages in a way that will help you answer the questions more efficiently. Because every person processes information differently, I can't dictate the best way for you to read the passages. However, if your current approach isn't working, you might want to consider switching it up. There are three main approaches to choose from: #1: Read the whole passage in detail. This is really only a good strategy if you are both a quick and thorough reader. It's probably the worst option if you're already worried about running out of time. #2: Read the questions first. Determine which details you look for in the passage by reading the questions first, then jumping back to the passage to find the answer. #3: Skim, then attack the questions. Quickly read through the passage to get a sense of its content, structure, and purpose, then approach the questions. Finally, return to the passage to get any more detailed information required by specific questions. The more familiar you get with SAT Reading passages and questions, the more you'll be accustomed to the test and the better you’ll know what to pay attention to and when to use which strategy. For instance, if you read the questions first, if a question has specific lines associated with it (e.g. "In lines 10-38"), only read those specific lines to answer it; do not pull your answer from the rest of the passage. On the other hand, if you skim first, get used to noticing words and phrases like "however" and "in contrast." These words are important because they indicate a change in tone, as in: "Despite the fact that the viola has a long and noble history, negative stereotypes about violas (and violists) abound in modern day classical music communities." You'll find more strategies, as well as more detailed information on why you might want to choose one approach over the others, in our article on the best way to read the passage on the SAT Reading section. More Passage-Reading Strategy Suggestions The passage you read first can make a big difference if you tend to run out of time. Scan through all the passages in the section and see if any subject matter looks easier to tackle for you and then start with those, rather than taking the section in order. That way, you won’t be rushing through and getting things wrong on passages you should get and can with a clear mind devote yourself to passages that are more difficult for you. You can also see if bubbling in all your answers at the end helps (read more about this in the Quick Tip section of our perfect scorer article). This strategy is only helpful, however, if you can make sure to leave a good two to three minutes at the end of the section to do this, since you don’t want to run out of time before you bubble in answers that you got (the ultimate in frustrating). If you can think of other ways to keep yourself from running out of time on SAT Reading (perhaps by using some mindfulness techniques to focus?), that is also great. As always, you should only use strategies that work for you. Chess game by Kamil Porembiński, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original.Think about which strategies will work for you. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Strategy 3: Practice Taking SAT Reading as Part of the Whole SAT There’s knowing the material on the SAT Reading section...and then there’s building up the stamina to make it through. Fortunately, the SAT always presents the sections in the same order: Reading, Writing, Math (No Calculator), Math (Calculator), and the optional essay. This predictability gives you an advantage when prepping, because you can actually simulate test-date conditions when you take full-length practice tests by taking everything in the correct order. It's important to take at least some practice tests all the way through in the correct order so that you can get used to what it feels like to take the full test. Reading is always the first section, so you'll probably always have the most energy to spend on it, but you'll need to be careful not to burn through all your reserves with the Reading section, only to find that you're too drained to perform well on the rest of the test. Another thing to keep in mind is that you’ll most likely be taking the SAT on a Saturday morning. Be extra sure to do some practice Reading sections in the morning (especially if you’re not a morning person!) to give yourself a good idea of your energy levels at that time of day. If you’re more sluggish in the mornings in general, your reading speed will probably also be slower. It's okay to take some or most of your practice tests in the afternoon if that's when you have the most time, but exclusively doing this may not give you an accurate picture of how quickly you can complete the SAT Reading section under real test conditions. Do You Qualify for Testing Accomodations? If you really have trouble with reading in time-constrained situations, you might qualify for special testing accommodations. It's unlikely that prepping for and taking the SAT will be the first time you notice you have major problems with reading; however, it may be the first time you won't be able to compensate for it in other ways (like spending hours and hours on homework and extra credit to make up for low test scores). The College Board does offer accommodations on the SAT for eligible students with documented issues. You can get more information here on the steps you'll need to take in order to get accommodations on testing day. But a word of warning: Accommodations are far more likely to be granted to students if their special circumstances have been documented for a longer period of time. CollegeBoard tends to be leery of students who get diagnosed with something or other just in time to take the test, since the students might be stretching the truth in order to get extra time. How can you avoid getting caught in red tape and having your accommodations held up? Plan and apply for special accommodations early, if at all possible- the request process alone can take up to seven weeks. If you're in middle school or early high school and are having serious problems with reading when compared to your peers, get psycho-educational testing then, rather than waiting. If for whatever reason you couldn't apply for special accommodations until recently (for instance, if you only just developed a hearing or visual impairment), make sure it's clear to the person documenting your conditionwhy you're only doing something about this now. Also, while this documenter will provide you with information to send on to the CollegeBoard, the College Board may also want you to explain why you applied for special accommodations only recently, so it’s good to have an explanation ready. How to Improve Pacing on SAT Reading: A Recap #1: Take timed practice tests and monitor your time. #2: Get comfortable with taking the SAT Reading so you can use strategies effectively #3: Make sure you take entire practice tests in sequence a few times so you know what to expect. #4: If you think there’s a bigger problem that's causing you to run out of time on the SAT Reading, get psycho-educational testing as early as possible to confirm it and see if you are eligible for special accommodations on the SAT. Now, go forth and read! What’s Next? Want more strategies for avoiding a time crunch? Read about the 9 ways to buy time on the SAT. How can you figure out what’s tripping you up on SAT Reading? Check out our detailed analysis of each question and passage type. We also have more in-depth information on figuring out what approach to reading the passage works for you in another article. Learn more about the format of the SAT with our article on the timing and content of each SAT section. For more on how to master SAT Reading, read our guide to getting a perfect Reading score. You might also be interested in our ultimate guide to SAT Reading, which lists all of our articles on SAT Reading, along with a brief description of what's in each article. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Coordinating Words, Phrases and Clauses in English

Coordinating Words, Phrases and Clauses in English When we coordinate things, whether were talking about our schedules or our clothing, we make connections or, as the dictionary says in a more fanciful way, bring things together in a common and harmonious action. The same idea applies when we talk about coordination in grammar. A common way to connect related words, phrases, and even entire clauses is to coordinate them that is, connect them with a coordinating conjunction such as and or but.  The following short paragraph from Ernest Hemingways Another Country contains several coordinated words, phrases, and clauses. We were all at the hospital every afternoon, and there were different ways of walking across the town through the dusk to the hospital. Two of the ways were alongside canals, but they were long. Always, though, you crossed a bridge across a canal to enter the hospital. There was a choice of three bridges. On one of them a woman sold roasted chestnuts. It was warm, standing in front of her charcoal fire, and the chestnuts were warm afterward in your pocket. The hospital was very old and very beautiful, and you entered through a gate and walked across a courtyard and out a gate on the other side. In most of his novels and short stories, Hemingway relies heavily (some readers might say too heavily) on such basic conjunctions as and and but. The other coordinating conjunctions are yet, or, nor, for, and so. Paired Conjunctions Similar to these basic conjunctions are the following paired conjunctions (sometimes called correlative conjunctions): both . . . andeither . . . orneither . . . nornot . . . butnot . . . nornot only . . . but (also)whether . . . or The paired conjunctions serve to emphasize the words being connected. Lets see how these correlative conjunctions work. First, consider the following simple sentence, which contains two nouns joined by and: Martha and Gus have gone to Buffalo. We can rewrite this sentence with paired conjunctions to emphasize the two nouns: Both Martha and Gus have gone to Buffalo. We often use the basic coordinating conjunctions and paired conjunctions in our writing to connect related ideas. Punctuation Tips: Using Commas with Conjunctions When just two words or phrases are joined by a conjunction, no comma is needed: Nurses in uniforms and in peasant costumes walked under the trees with the children. However, when two or more items are listed before a conjunction, those items should be separated by commas: Nurses in uniforms, peasant costumes, and worn frocks walked under the trees with the children.* Similarly, when two complete sentences (called main clauses) are joined by a conjunction, we should generally place a comma before the conjunction: The tides advance and retreat in their eternal rhythms, and the level of the sea itself is never at rest. Although no comma is needed before the and that joins the verbs advance and retreat, we do need to place a comma before the second and, which joins two main clauses. * Note that the comma after the second item in the series (costumes) is optional. This use of the comma is called the serial comma.

WalMart's profile of computing and network infrastructure Essay

WalMart's profile of computing and network infrastructure - Essay Example So our ties to Bentonville, Ark. - where Sam Walton opened the first store that bore the Walton name and where Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., is still based - give us our foundation. Another Walmart.com goal - providing easy access to more Wal-Mart - is evident in the more than 1,000,000 products available online and in the innovative businesses that Walmart.com continues to develop, such as Music Downloads and 1-Hour Photos, which gives customers the convenience of ordering products online and picking them up at a local Wal-Mart. In short, Walmart.com is passionate about combining the best of two great worlds - technology and world-class retailing - to give customers a wide assortment of their favorite products, Every Day Low Prices, guaranteed satisfaction, friendly service, convenient hours (24 hours, 7 days a week) and a great online shopping experience. According to Mark Schmidt, senior director for information services at Wal-Mart, the installation of NCR System 3000 processors -- which began last month in the Springfield, Mo., stores -- is the second phase of a systems upgrade at the chain that began in August 1990 with the installation of Hewlett-Packard's HP 9000 Model 375 system. The retailer chose to purchase both systems so that "we have two vendor partners to bank on," said Schmidt. Approximately 800 of Wal-Mart's stores will use the HP system and the other 800 will use the NCR system. Both models are open-system computers and both use the UNIX operating system, allowing intercommunications and compatibility. "We can take data tapes from one to the other if we had to," Schmidt added. Tony Fano, vice president of NCR Retail Systems Division, said, "The NCR 3445 support of UNIX V.4 matches Wal-Mart's UNIX open systems strategy. Because it is based on industry standards, the NCR 3445 can provide enterprise-wide computing solutions based on open systems components and cooperative processing." NCR's System 3000 is a seven-level family of scalable, compatible, general purpose computer systems that support the industry-standard operating systems -- UNIX V.4, SCO UNIX, OS/2 and MS-DOS. Wal-Mart had been using the IBM Series 1, which was installed in 1979. "It is a proprietary system. We wanted something more open, so we could be independent of a vendor if we needed to be, said Schmidt. "We needed a system with more capacity. We wanted one that was open and scalable -- to go in relatively small and then grow," said Schmidt. The installation of the HP 9000 Model 375 was completed last month, according to Schmidt. He said the chain is aiming at Aug. 1 completion of the NCR installation. The NCR 3445 will provide connections between NCR and non-NCR point-of-sale controllers and pharmacy systems with Wal-Mart's central computer in its headquarters in Bentonville, Ark. The NCR and HP systems are configured to support up to 16 terminals in a Wal-Mart store. According to Schmidt, the systems currently are doing traditional applications, such as payroll, general accounting and merchandise reorder. Potential applications include financial management, sales analysis and labor management (Tahmincioglu, 1991). Wal-Mart has signed a multimillion

Communicating Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communicating Change - Research Paper Example A technique that is often used in the corporate environment to improve communication in the workplace is having weekly meetings between the managers and the staff. Any changes that the firm implements can be discussed during a meeting. Another technique that can be used to improve communication in the workplace is the implementation of a feedback system. A feedback system allows the workers the ability to provide input anonymously. Sometimes the workers prefer to speak anonymously to avoid retaliation from the managers. The feedback system can help a company determine whether the workers accept the changes. Question #3 Maintaining a good corporate image can enhance the brand value of a company. Companies with strong corporate images are preferred by customers (Vonhamme, Lindgreen, Reast, Popering, 2012). As the CEO of Tyco I would develop a strong social responsibility program in order to show the general public that the company has changed and that the mistakes committed by its past CEO were an outlier. I would perform quarterly audits to ensure the firm is free of fraud. Companies must maintain good communication with the outside world because the outside world includes important stakeholder groups such as customers and investors. An issue that could occur that hurts the communications with the outside world is miscommunication. Three tools that can be used to communicate with the outside world are the corporate website, annual report, and news bulletins. Vonhamme, J., Lindgreen, A., Reast, J., Popering, N. (2012). To Do Well by Doing Good: Improving Corporate Image Through Cause Related Marketing. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(3). p.259-274. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from EBSCOhost database. Warrick, D. (2011). The Urgent Need for Skilled Transformational Leaders: Integrating Transformational Leadership and Organizational Development. Journal of Leadership,

Which of Hitler's key Mistakes Had the Greatest Effect on His Defeat Research Paper

Which of Hitler's key Mistakes Had the Greatest Effect on His Defeat in World War II - Research Paper Example Most of the reasons discussed are researched from books and publications that put their focus on the matters surrounding the Second World War, especially those that pay keen attention to the fatal decisions made by Hitler leading to his defeat. The fact that Germany through their leader Hitler lost the war after having played a significant impact in the First World War makes the discussion of its failures interesting. B-Summary of evidence The German Navy’s principal mission at war was to cut the life of Britain’s maritime by means of a blockade. The blockade was arrived at because Britain was an island and the barricade would result in it losing out on metals, fuel, and other elements, which were imported by the merchant ships. It was expected Britain’s forces were to be crippled to the ground by the move and consequently they were to be hit by a consistent air bombardment movement that was anticipated would make Britain surrender (Bevin, pg102). This strategy a gainst Britain would indeed work for the Germans, as in the World War I, the submarines owned by the Germans had succeeded in cutting the amount of British owned merchant ships which were sunk. Regardless of this fact, the German Navy constructed for the World War II was the same to the previous one. Germany’s failure to invest in additional submarines, instead choosing to undermine the British maritime strength hampered the success of Hitler’s force (Carolin, pg56). The German submarines were the greatest risk to the British, but were consequently extremely few, and the slow development of other submarines did give Britain ample time to adapt to the risk and survive with massive endeavor and terrible losses. By the time the German naval force had grouped itself better, the challenge posed by the British was enormous as the latter had a wholly developed antisubmarine force which overwhelmed Hitler’s men. Hitler may have won the war, supposing his strategists foc used on constructing numerous submarines instead of the inconsequential battleships. The war could have been won in Hitler’s favor prior to the US and Russia joining in the war. There were numerous cases of murder by the regime, and the fear of severe punishment created fear in the criticism or even yet provides advices that were not favorable, or even to wake up the dictator late in the night whenever an emergency case presented itself. In such establishments, an individual formulates all the significant decisions and too numerous fewer decisions, and it is almost not possible to transform whatever is on the individual mind, such as Hitler prior to or after the individual formulates a foremost mistake. Deciding on Hitler’s failure or mistakes during the war is centered in the context of whatever his focal purpose and intentions were. Hitler’s original short term military aspiration was to overcome the regime of Stalin in the Soviet Union, by means of a highly c oncentrated but short war, and the lasting annexation of the Eastern European region land (Samuel, pg48). That included the Eastern side of Russia of the Urals for the objective of increasing the economic authority preferably by means of agriculture. The aspiration well articulated in the invasion of Poland, was Hitler’s primary propelling objective in the short term. However, Hitler decided on defeating France prior to taking on Stalin and his men. Hitler’s desire was to acquire a free hand to combat in the East. However, that did prove to be Hitler’s mistake. Stalin was at that time detested all throughout the Eastern and Western Europe. Therefore, Hitler would be able to mount warfare with Stalin, the only factor being Poland getting on the way due to its geographical positioning. However, the

Impacts French New Wave Film on Traditional Cinema

Impacts French New Wave Film on Traditional Cinema How and why did the French New Wave upset traditional film grammar? Firstly we must look at the period before French New Wave came about to understand why this movement upset tradition. The French New Wave period reigned from the 1950s to the 1960s and entertained millions of people who watched film at the time. This period is very important as famous directors such as Franà §ois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard emerged. They were the next generation of directors; they had been brought up in a France that had been torn apart after the second World War meaning France was starting to get back on its feet. They had seen the works of directors that had come before this period titling it, cinà ©ma de papa or Dads cinema, and wanted to separate themselves from it. Films prior to the French New Wave period were often dull and had little quality put together in them. Truffaut often wrote in Cahiers du cinà ©ma, a critics magazine on film about the films he had to grow up around. Truffaut displayed an almost obsessive hostility to the post-war French film industry, attacking what he sarcastically labled the French Tradition Of Quality as nothing more than three hundred continuity shots stuck together a hundred and ten times a year. Powrie, P. Marie, M. (2006) p.83 This objectivity towards the cinà ©ma de papa began to grow and new light was being shone on other films that played with different ideas. Directors such as Jean-Pierre Melville started to make films that resembled the French New Wave Movement mixed with other techniques that had been used before. In his film, Bob Le Flambeur, he films it in a film noir style but the film has so many modern aesthetics to it such as its similarities to western gangster genres. This similarity between American film and French was an important reason why the French New Wave Movement upset tradition. We can only imagine what it must have been like to be living in France after the war and have a mass influx of Hollywood cinema that had been imported due to the production of French film being too expensive. Truffaut and Godard had witnessed this through the years and decided to start making films, perhaps influenced from the American films they had seen. Such influences are seen in Les Quatres Cent Coups with the Humphrey Bogart style hat we see Antoine wearing when he steals the type writer, and the same with À bout de souffle with the protagonist dressing like Bogart. Many of the directors and audiences that watched Bob Le Flambeur were amazed at the â€Å"clipped street language, low budget on-location work, moody street scenes and contemporary jazz soundtrack.† (Phillips, R. 2006 ) and this shines through in later works such as À bout de souffle. This was completely going against the previous era of film making in the sense, directors were starting to open up to the outside world and focus on making their own artistic impression. This perhaps can be a reason to why French New Wave upset traditional film grammar. An interesting point to look at is the way in which the generation gap from after the second World War was so concerned about the future of France. In Les Quatres Cent Coups the school master shouts, â€Å"What will France be like in ten years?† (Le s Quotres Cent Coups, 1959) and we can perhaps look at this as being Truffauts own thoughts coming through in the films dialogue. We can also look at the technology that was sweeping across the world at the time. New cameras had started to be produced and this gave people like Godard exactly what they needed to create the sweeping, moving shots we see in À bout de souffle. The American low-budget cinema, on the other hand, tended to be thought of as a commercial and studio-based product, to which Godard pays homage in his dedication of A bout de souffle (1959) to Monogram Pictures. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 This was a new innovation in film making and made shots look realistic in the sense, cameras could be placed in busy crowds and could follow a person with ease. The shot of Michel in À bout de souffle of him walking through the hotel reception is a prime example of this new technique as he follows the camera through a vast open room without any sight of a film crew in the shot. Continuous shots like this excited Godard and also Truffaut, which is perhaps why he favours using the lightweight camera in Les quatres cent coups where Antoine is running down the road near the end of the film. This gave French New Wave films a sense of freedom and the scene where Antoine is running really symbolises this sense of freedom as the shot of just him breaks out into a panoramic view of the sea something he had long desired in the film. Such big camera shots echo the likes of the Italian Neo-Realism film movement where we saw similarities between the way the directors had placed the camera. The war had changed France a lot and cultures within the country started to feel the difference. French New Wave films began to explore particular human traits such as sex, violence and swearing. This may have shocked an audience twenty years prior to the movement, but instead it seemed to add emphasis to the reality of the film and story. In both À bout de souffle and Les quatres cent coup, we see a great number of references to violence and sex. In À bout de souffle, Michel is seen at the beginning shooting a policeman with a pistol he finds in the car he has stolen. Also, the way in which he speaks to Patricia in the film is quite aggressive and we can see Godard asserting masculinity into the character of Michel. His final words to Patricia are also quite offensive and this definitely would have broken the mould from films in previous years, before French New Wave. The sexual references in the films are very much giving light to the realities of modern day culture. In Les quatres cent coup we see Antoine in the police station with prostitutes and also where he is telling of how a foreigner told him he could use a prostitute even though he is very young. The way these references to violence, sex, and swearing are used in the films adds to the audiences reaction and the reality of the story. By showing people what life is like in the darker parts of Paris, French New Wave directors were able to maintain this reality. Location was a big factor in French New Wave films. The opening scenes of Les quatres cent coups are so important when looking at why the movement may have upset tradition. We see this great tracking shot of the Eiffel tower, a iconic feature of Paris and perhaps symbolising France as a whole. The reason why this upsets traditional film grammar is the way Truffaut has shot this scene with the tower in the background and in the foreground a not so nice Paris. Something that hints Italian Neo-Realism, in the way that the director wants to show the audience realistic scenes instead of a artificial studio set. This idea of getting away from the studio is ever present in French New Wave films. Truffaut discovered a new aesthetics of simplicity and sincerity. Indeed, in taking to the street to escape the heavy-handed rule of the studio system, Truffaut unconsciously doubled the rebellious attitudes and actions of his young protagonist, Antoine Doinel. Powrie, P. Marie, M. (2006) p.83 The whole factor of shooting film out in a busy Parisian street gave French New Wave films a lot more depth and created this sense of a modern France. In À bout de souffle the shots of the actors walking down busy streets enforced this sense of realism and added to the story. French New Wave films pioneered the way films were edited. They were really the first to play with jump cuts and this is apparent in À bout de souffle. This may have upset traditional film grammar because of the fast pace it gave films. the rapidity of the editing and the disorientating scale of the shots means thatMichels crime takes place before the spectator and, we might surmise, before he himself has a chance to realise what is happening. Powrie, P. Marie, M. (2006) p.93 This process of having a very disruptive cut between different characters in one scene can give the film a scene a whole new meaning. To an audience at the time this was quite innovative and gave a scene, quite a disturbing feel to it. This is an example of how directors like Godard played with the idea of Mise En Scà ¨ne. It demonstrates how a meaning can be changed by altering different cuts and camera angles even though we are still hearing the same dialogue. Godard and Truffaut were very interested in the way American Film had been made prior to the French New Wave period and in particular the studio system. Due to France being in an economic problem after the War, it meant studio filming could not be accomplished very often. This contributed to some of the fantastic shots used in French New Wave films. The new wave directors, like their Hollywood predecessors, worked individually and creatively within often severe budgetary constraints and the conventions of the studio genre. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 This definitely contributed towards the innovative look of French New Wave films but without funding from the French Government. With the generation gap after the war, France needed new directors to carry on film making and to write scripts. â€Å"They were also greatly helped by the introduction, in 1960, of the avance sur recettes, a system of government loans, granted on the basis of a working script, to enable films to be produced. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 Therefore, we saw a greater amount of scripts and directors willing to create films in France. This contributes towards this upset in traditional film grammar because there is an increased amount of variety from where the films are coming from. There is more of an incentive for innovative films such as the films we see in French New Wave and this certainly is a factor to the movement being successful. To conclude, the French New Wave period marks a great change for Frances film industry. In particular, the directors who contributed to the movement are probably the most influential in the change. Truffaut, a famous film critic turned director believed in auteurism the process in which the directors vision comes across in a film. He liked the idea of the camera being a pen in which he could write out his masterpiece. European art-house directors, such as Renoir or Rossellini, had traditionally been treated as the authors of their films, in much the same way as Balzac or Baudelaire were of the literary texts they signed. Powrie, P. Reader, K. (2002) p.21 Both Truffaut and Godard pay tribute to this auteur theory in their works with Godard even using Balzacs work in Les Quatres Cent Coups as an inspiration to Antoine. The idea of these new directors coming into the limelight and putting their own touch into film was a crucial part of understanding why French New Wave broke the mould and ultimately upset traditional film grammar as it had not been done before to this extent.